Type-writing machine.



Patented lan. 7, l90 2 B. J. FISHER. I I TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

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No. 690,7I4,

' R. J. FISHER. TYPE wnnme momma.

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No. 690,7I4.

R. J. FISHER.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. (Application filed. June 22, 1900.) (No Model.)

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Qxktnaoaco No. 690,7!4. Patented Ian. 7, I902.

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TYPE wnnms MACHINE.-

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TNE NOIIRIS PEYERS 60., Puoroinnou WASHINGTON, o. c.

TYPEWR ITING MACHINE.

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. TYPE .wnnme MACHINE.

(Application flleq June 22, 1900.) (No Model.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

UNITED V STATES 3 ROBERT JOSEPH FISHER,

PATENT ()FFICE.

OF ATHENS, TENNESSEE.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECiFiCATION forming oart of Letters Patent No. 690,714, dated January7, 1902.

' Application filed June 22, 1900. Serial No. 21,206. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

. Be it known that 1,30BERT JOSEPH FISHER, a citizen of theUnitedStates, residing at Athens, in the cour'rtyof McMinn and State ,ofTennessee, have invented a new and useful Type-Writing Machine, of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to type-writing machines, and has specialreference to certain improvements in machines of this character wherebythere may be secured a low keyboard, visible writing, and a permanentalinement of the type,with a minimum number of operating parts and lowcost of construction.

To this end the invention primarily has in View the construction andarrangement of the type-bars in such a manner as to entirely dispensewith the usual hanger ring or support for the type-bar bearings, besidesproviding a substantially direct operating connection between thetype-bar proper and the key-stem associated therewith. It is by reasonof this important improvement that means are provided for compactlygrouping or assembling the type-bar'sand their operating connections inthe lowest possible position with reference to the writing plane, thussecuring a very low keyboard.

A further object of the novel construction and arrangement of thetype-bars is to permit of the grouping thereof in such a Way as toleave, an unobstructed writing space or area, besides a work-vista, topermit of a view of the writing from the front of the machine.

A special object of the inven tion,as already stated, is to provide aconstruction and arrangement of type-bars involving great simplicity anda minimum number of parts and also to provide type-bar bearings of aconsiderable lengtlrwhereby under the most abnormal conditions the playof the type-bars at the striking ends thereof will be so infiniventionthe same possesses special utility when associated with some of theimproved features of that type of machines known as the Fishertype-writing. machine and the general nature of which is exemplified byseveral former patents to-the present applicant, notably Patents No.569,491, dated October 13, 1896, and No. 573,868, dated December 29,1896. In carrying out the invention along these lines the same providesan arrangement of the type-barswhereby the latter may strike backwardthrough an open space in rear of the carriage, thus gaining in reach thedistance between the striking-point of the type-bars and the front keysof the keyboard and bringing the latter down to close proximity'to thewriting plane.

The invention also has in View the provision of an improved bearingmember for the type-bars common to all of the same and so designed as tomaterially reduce the cost of construction of the ordinary type-barbearings, besides obviating the difficulties usually attending the veryaccurate construction of such bearings.

The invention also contemplates improvements in the letter-spacingmechanism and other minor parts of the machine which will render thesame more efficient and durable and will contribute to the practical useof the type-bar improvement forming the fundamental feature of theapplication. I

Furthermore, the invention contemplates as a novel feature thereof atraveling typecarriage movable upon a'carriage-supporting frame andcomprising a base-plate, frame, or

support located intermediate of the rails of the carriage-supportingframe and in a plane below the upper edges thereof, the dropping ofthecarriage-base between the rails serving to locate the key-actionssupported by the base in exceedingly close proximity tothewriting-surface, inasmuch as the key-actions carried by the basecomprehend type-bars normally upstanding above the base and havingoperating-shafts extending from-their lower ends and operatively relatedto the stems of the operating-keys.

With the foregoing and many other objects in view, which will readilyappear to those fatoo miliar with the art, the invention consists in thenovel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinaftermore fully described, illustrated, and claimed.

ted lines in Fig. 3.

The essential features of the invention are necessarily susceptible to awide range of modification without departing from the spirit or scopethereof; but the preferred embodiment of the improvements is shown inthe accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a top plan View of themachine. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the machine from one side. Fig. 8is a similar view of the opposite side of the machine. Fig. 4 is avertical longitudinal sectional view of the machine. Fig. 5 is a frontelevation, partly in section, of the carriage. Fig. 6 is a horizontalsectional view illustrating the preferable manner of grouping andarranging the typebar-operating shafts and omitting the other parts ofthe machine for the purpose of clearly exposing the construction. Fig. 7isa View similar to Fig. 6, omitting the type-bars and theiroperating-shafts, so as to expose the operating connections respectivelyfor the let ter-spacingmechanism,forthe vertically-movable trip-ring,for the type-heads, and for the ribbon-shifting device. Fig. 8 is adetail in perspective of one complete type-bar, comprising the type-baror arm proper and its operating-shaft, the view also including thekey-stern connection for the type-bar. Fig. 9 is an inner elevation ofthe type-bar bearing-plate, illustrating the ends of thetypebar-operating shafts to expose the grouping thereof in differentplanes respectively at opposite sides of the transverse center of thering. Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail elevation of the letterspacingmechanism with the parts arranged in the positions shown in dot- Fig. 11isa detail in perspective of a modification of the crescentbearing-plate. Fig. 12 is a similar view of another modification of thecrescent bearing or bearing-plate.

Like numerals of reference designate corresponding parts in the severalfigures of the drawings.

The fundamental feature of the present invention resides in theconstruction and arrangement of the type-bars and the manner of mountingthe same in conjunction with their operating rock-shafts, and specificreference will first be made to this part of the machine, as theremaining improvements are subsidiary thereto and have been associatedtherewith for the purpose of providing a complete book type-Writingmachine. It will be obvious as the invention is more fully understoodthat the construction of the type-bars and the mounting thereof andtheir operating connections are necessarily susceptible to embodiment inalmost any form of type-writing machine, whether for ordinaryletter-work or for book and record work, such as the Fisher type-writingmachines disclosed in the patents hereinheforc referred to.

In carrying out the invention the type-action, including the type-barsand the operating parts therefor, may be used in difierent classes ofmachines-for instance, with such machines as have a stationary writingmech anism and a movable writing plane or workshallow or low casingprovided with a flat r base or floor 2, the inclosing side and frontwalls 3 and at, respectively, and the top cover 5, of the usual steppedformation, to provide for the usual keyboard arrangement. To pro videfor the proper arrangement of the typebars in accordance with thepresent invention, the shallow traveling type-carriage casing 1 isprovided within its rear side with the rentrant crescent orapproximately semicircular type-basket opening 6, within which thetype-bars constituting the basket are arranged in a rearwardly-openingcrescent-shaped se ries, whereby said type-bars are permitted to strikerearwardly, thus disposing the entire keyboard in front of the line ofwriting and enabling the carriage to be advanced forwardly or downwardlyfrom the line of writi ng as the work progresses instead of travelingover it, as is the case in some forms of type-writing machines.

The reentrant crescent or approximately semicircular type-basket opening6 may be formed in a practical manner by cutting away the rear edge ofthe carriage base or floor 2, as shown in the drawings, and inconnection with the said opening 6 there is designed to be associatedone of the important features of the invention-namely, a common bearingmember 7 for the entire series of type-baroperating rock-shafts, to bedescribed. This dispenses with a separate or individual bearing memberfor each rock-shaft and obviating the hanging of the type-bars and theirbearings upon hanger-rings or equivalent supports, such as are commonlyemployed in many forms of type-writing machines. The said common bearing7 mayof course be constructed in a variety of ways and still preserveits general characteristic of constituting a single bearing or supportfor the entire series of rock-shafts. It is usually and preferably madeof a single strip of sheet-steel, case-hardened, if desired, which isbent into an approximately semicircular or crescent form, so as toconform to the contour of the type-basket opening (5 within the rearside of the carriage-casing. An integral formation of the bearing orbearing-plate 7 is the simplest construction; but it is obvious that thesame resultcould be accomplished by making the said bearing 7 of two ormore sections, as illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12 of the drawings. InFig. 11 of the drawings the common beariiigor bearing-plate 7 for theoperating-shafts of the type-bars is shown as consisting of a pair ofduplicate sections 7 ,which are arranged in flush relation and incircular alinement, so as not to disturb the continuity or generalconfiguration of the bearing, while in Fig. 12 of the drawings the sameis shown as consisting of a greater number of sections 7 which maintainthe relation described. In bothof these modifications,- while thehearing or bearing-plate 7 is shown as made up of two or more sections,still the same is, properly speaking, a common or single bearing elementand is contradistin'guished in this respect from a plurality of.individual bearings for the type-bars or the operating-shafts therefor.

Other modifications may be resorted to without departing from the scopeof the invention.

Any approved means may be resorted to for fitting the common sheet-metalbearing 7 in position, as it is only necessary to rigidly fit the sameto the carriage-body. This may be accomplished in a simple way by meansof screws or equivalent fasteners 8, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings.

111 the horizontal form of machine where thetype-bars strike downwardlyupon a horizontal writing plane the single sheet-metal crescent bearingstands upright and arises above its point of connection with the base orfloor of the casing, and to provide for filling out the height of thecarriage-casing there may be utilized in connection with thebearing-plate 7 a crescent casing plate or ring 9,

which surmounts the plate 7 and is arranged flush therewith toconstitute a back wall for the rear portion of the carriage-casing. Theback casing-plate 9 and the bearing-plate 7 may be secured together byany suitable means, and conveniently so by providing the meeting edgesof the said plates with a plurality of ofiset ears 10, connected byscrews or equivalent fastenings 11, as plainly shown in'Figs. 5-and 8 ofthe drawings.

The common hearing or bearing-plate 7, whether of integral or sectionalformation, is simply drilled with a series of bearing-openings 12, whichare designed to receive therein the rear end portions of the straightoperating rock-shafts 13 for the swinging type-bars 14,

grouped within the type-basket opening 6 in 7 close proximity to thewall of said opening,

.which is bounded in part by the alined bearing and easing plates 7 and9. In carrying out the invention each type-bar 14 and its operatingrock-shaft 13 is preferably constructed in one piece, which may beeffected in various ways,

one of which is to weld the type-bar directly to its operating-shaft. Byreason of this construction each type-bar, mechanically speaking, is inthe form of a swinging bar or arm portion 14, having direct and in thisinstance integral connection with an operating rockshaft 13, whichelements move in unison and said operat ng rock-shaft being designed tohave a practically direct connection with the- .key-stem. By reason ofthis substantially direct key-stem connection with each operatingrock-shaft 13 the present invention obviates a plurality of operatingconnections between the type-bar and the key therefor, such as areusually employed in ordinary typewriting machines. This part of theinvention contemplates a direct motion being transmitted to eachtype-bar-operating shaft from a vertically-moving key-stem 15, extendingupward through the top cover of the carriage-casing, and provided at itsupper end with the usual character-bearing key 16, constituting anelement of the key-board. Each vertically-moving key-stem 15 has apivotal connection at its lower end, as at 17, with a crank-arm 18,rigid with one end of the typebar-operating shaft 13 associatedtherewith and, in order to secure the regular spacingof the keys inrows, it may be found desirable to provide some of the key-stems withcurved or deflected portions 19 at their lower ends,where the sameconnect with the crank-arms 18 of their respective type-bar-operatingshafts 13. This constitutes a single direct key-stem connection, and itwill therefore be readily seen that the invention provides a simple formof type-bar and operating means therefor which dispenses with the largenumber of parts which usually go to make up the type-action of ordinarytype-writing machines, as already stated. At this point it may be notedthat all of the type -baroperating shafts must leave the type-barscrescent, by which is meant the crescent-shaped series of type-bars atthe same angle, in order to prevent conof the shafts to allow. thekey-stems to reach or connect with the crank arms 18. Such bending ofsome of the shafts, however, would not disturb the general orsubstantially straightaway formation of said shafts, which may beproperly said to be of a substantially straight or straightawayformation from one bearing-point to the other.

The construction described permits of a simple and effective arrangementof the resetting or retracting springs 20, as it is only necessary tocoil or twine the said springs upon the type-bar-operating shaftsand-connect the same at their opposite ends, respectively, with collars21 on the shafts and fixed points of support 22, which are preferablythe inner bearing-brackets for the shafts, as

plainly shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings. The

type-bars to their normal upright positions after the type has beenstruck and the pressure of the finger removed from the key. Thearrangement of springs described, however, is not essential to theproper carrying'outof the invention, but is illustrative of theconvenience with which the springs may be 5 sec,

mounted and utilized in the most effective way.

The key connect-ions are all alike, and the keys are arranged to formthe keyboard in the usual way-that is, being arranged in separateparallel rows at different elevations to secure the usual stepped orderof the keys-- so further reference to this part of the machine isunnecessary; but special attention is directed to the novel manner ofmounting and grouping the type-bars and their operating-shafts 13 withreference to the crescent bearing 7 and the inner bearing-brackets 22,which are mounted directly upon the base or floor of thecarriage-casing.

In adapting the type-bars and their operating-shafts to the horizontaltype of machine such as shown in the drawings the said operating-shaftsare all arranged in substantially horizontal planes parallel with and inclose proximity to the base or floor of the carriagecasing, therebydropping the entire type-action in exceedinglyclose relation to thewriting plane, whereby an exceedingly-low keyboard maybe maintained incarrying out the invention. In the first place, it is to be observedthat the front bearing-brackets 22 for the typebar-operating shafts 13may simply consist of short plates or arms extending upwardly from thebase or floor of the carriage-casing and drilled with bearing-openingsto receive the inner extremities of the type-bar-operating shafts, andin the construction shown each type-bar-operating shaft finds a bearingin one of said brackets 22 and in one of the drilled bearing-openings 12of the. crescent bearing 7. These bearings for each operating-shaft arearranged in direct alinement, though in widely-spaced relation, wherebya very wide or long bearing is secured for each type-bar-operatingshaft, thus reducing the possible play thereof to a minimum. In order tosecure the closest possible grouping of the type-bars and theiroperating-shafts,while at the same time preserving the straightawayformation of the shafts, so that they will extend in a straight linefrom one bearing to the other, the type-bars may be said to be arrangedin separate side banks or groups respectively at opposite sides of thecenter of the common bearing 7, and each type-bar 14 extends obliquelyfrom its operating-shaft 13, or, in other words, is disposed obliquelyto the axis of rotation of its operating-shaft. There is a twofoldadvantage in this obliquity of the type-bars, and that is, first, topermit of straight operating-shafts 13 being employed in connection witha pair of bearings arranged in direct alinement, and, second, to providefor disposing the type-bars in each side bank when in their at-restposition, oblique to a vertical plane, with the bars of the oppositebanks inclined, respectively, in opposite directions, whereby there isformed at the center of the type-basket between the separate side banksor groups of the type bars a widened and upwardly-flaring centralworkvista 23, which enables the operator to look directly within thetype-basket opening 6 upon the Writing or printing. This is a veryadvantageous feature of the separated oblique arrangement of the sidebanks of type-bars, inasmuch as visible writing is provided for.

In further explanation of the compact arrangement and grouping of theentire typeaction directly within the bottom portion of thecarriage-casing it is to be noted that the series of operatingrock-shafts 13 for oneside bank of type-bars extend forwardly from thebearing 7 in divergent relation and are disposed in one generaldirection, While the said operating-shafts for the opposite side bank oftype-bars bear a similar divergent relation as they extend from thebearing 7, but are disposed in an opposite direction, whereby all of theoperating-shafts will be bunched as closely toward the central portionof the carriage as possible, while at the same time maintaining thestraightaway formation of the rock-shafts and the direct alinement ofthe bearings therefor. It will thus be observed that thedivergently-arranged operating rock-shafts for the opposite banks oftype-bars will necessarily cross each other, but this crossing occurs indifferent horizon- .tal planes, so that there is no interference betweenthe shafts and their connections. To secure the crossing of the oppositesets of rock-shafts in different horizontal planes, it is of coursenecessary to drill the bearingopenings 12 in the bearing 7 incorresponding planes, as is plainly shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings.Referring particularly to this figure of the drawings, it will be seenthat the rear extremities of the operating rockshafts, which projectthrough the bearingopenings in the hearing or bearing-plate 7,respectively, project in opposite directions for opposite banks oftype-bars, and the bearing-openings for opposite sets -ofoperatingshat'ts are necessarily arranged in different planes, wherebythe different series of bearing-openings may be said to be arranged in astaggered relation. This is plainly shown in Figs. 9, 11, and 12 of thedrawings and provides for the crossing of the opposite sets ofoperating-shafts in diiferent horizontal planes.

To secure uniformity throughout the entire type-action and in order thatthe type-bars may stand parallel with each other to avoid conflicting,the bearing-openings in the common bearing or bearing-plate? are alldrilled at corresponding or uniform tangents, and all of the innerbearing-brackets 22 individually maintain the same relation to thecurvature of the said common bearing or bearing-plate '7. It may befurther observed at this point that the front bearing-brackets arespaced as far from the common bearing 7 as the arrangement of the keysand the width of the carriage will permit in order to secure a maximumlength of bearing for the individual type-bars. These bearings, as alsothe operating rock-shafts, vary in length, and by the play of the latteris necessarily infinitesimal upon a slight play'of the shaft, andmaavoid conflict between the bars.

terial disalin'ement of the type is obviated. It should also beexplained that many difficulties were encountered in the practicaldevelopment of this invention. First, it was highly desirable to makethe type-bars rigid with the operating rock-shafts in order to eliminatemost of the costly delicate parts of type-bar type-writing machinessuchas the type-ring, the usual type-bar bearings, the pivots, drawwires,turnbuckles, due-and to get as long bearing as possible for the type-barin order to secure permanent alinement of the types. Second, it washighly desirable to adhere to the standard or universal keyboard,because it has been demonstrated that only such a keyboard is popular.Third, it was also highly desirable to keep the keyboard as low aspossible, because a great many operators object to a high keyboard, and,fourth, the axis of movement of the type-bars should be as near thewriting-surface as possible, because the types keep their alinementbetter than when the axis of movement of the bar is located farther fromthe writing-surface.

In order to meet the first requirement of type-bars rigid with theiroperating rockshafts, it was found that to get a practical simpleconstruction it was necessary to have the operating rock-shafts leadaway or project from the type-bar opening at a uniform tangent in orderthat the type-bars should stand substantially parallel when at rest toInasmuch as the operating rock-shafts should be practically straight tosecure the most practical simple construction, a great difficulty wasencountered when it was found that there was not sufficient room for therequisite number of rock-shafts where they converge at the type-baropening and that there was a conflict between the rock-shafts at thispoint; in other words, that there was only sufficient room at thetype-bar opening for about onefifth the number of rock-shafts, andconsequently type-bars, that would be needed for. the ordinarycharacters ofa type-writing ma-' chine. At this stage it was found thatif the rock-shafts were placed oblique to their typebars about one-halfthe required number of rock-shafts could be used without interferfenceat the type-bar opening. A very obtuse angle between the bars androck-shafts could not be used, however, without scattering the keyboardor spreading it in a lateral direction to too great an extent. It wasthen decided to stagger the rock-shafts where they converge at thetype-bar opening, or, in other words, alternate the rock-shafts byplacing thosefrom each side of the openingin two horizontal planes inorder to get in the requi site number of rock-shafts withoutinterference at this point. Inasmuch as a standard -or universalkeyboard, with its compact regular rows of keys, necessitated thebunching of the rock-shaftsat the front of the machine, it was foundthat those rock-shafts projecting from one side of the type-bar openingshould project in a different or reverse direction from thoserock-shafts projecting from the other side of the opening, but that thetangent of all the rock-shafts should be the same. At this point it wasfound that the rock-shafts projecting from one side of the opening forthe type-bars would soon meet and conflict with the rock-shaftsprojecting fromithe other side of the type-bar opening. In order toovercome this difficulty, the'rockshafts coming from one side of thetype-bar opening were placed in different horizontal planes from thoseprojecting from the other side of the opening, so that the rock-shaftsin one plane could pass those in another plane, the distance between theplanes of the rock-shafts being as little as could be used, as it wasdesired to keep the axes of movement of the type-bars as close to thewriting surface as possible.

To meet the second primary requirement of a standard or universalkeyboard with its keys I in regular rows substantially equidistant, in-

der to be able to reach those rock-shafts occupying'lower horizontalplanes with their respective key-stems it was found to benecessary tohave thoserock-shafts in the highest horizontal plane the shortest,those in the next lower plane the next shortest, those in the next lowerplane next shortest, whilethose in the lowest plane must projectfarthest to the front to reach the bank of keys nearest the operator.This formation was substantially adhered to. Then another difficulty wasencountered here. Inasmuch as the position of the rock-shafts could notbe altered and inasmuch as it was desired to space the keys uniformly inrows, another difficulty was encountered in getting a connection betweenthe rock-shaft and its respective key-ste m After considerableexperimenting it was found that the rock-shafts could be connected totheir respective key-stems; by bending the-latter, and that, too, not tosuch an extent as would interfere with the touch or nice operation ofthe keys. The universal arrangement of the keyboard precluded, it wasseen, the use of a full ring or circular type-bar opening, because theuse of a circular series of type-bars would necessitate substantially acircular keyboard if the rock-shafts were to be rigid with thetype-bars. This crescent-shaped series of type-bars materially limitedthe space for the rock-shafts where they converged at'the opening.

To secure the third primary requisitenamely, to keep the keyboard as lowas possiblethe base of the frame of the type-car riage, with itsattendant rock-shafts or type system, was mounted between the frame ofthe machine upon which the type-carriage travels and in a plane belowthe top of the lastmentioned frame.

In order to secure the fourth primary requisite, the rock-shafts aremounted very near to the base of the frame of .the type-carriage, thoserock-shafts in the lowest horizontal plane being only sufficientlyremoved from the base of the carriage to permit them to rock. in fact,they are so close to the base that the base is cut out beneath thebell-cranks on these rock-shafts to give the cranks the necessarymovement. Those rock shafts in higher planes are mounted onlysufficiently higher to permit the shafts to cross without conflict. Inthis way the axis of movement of the type-bars was kept as close to thewriting-surface as possible.

Inasmuch as visible writing is very desirable in a type-writing machineand inasmuch as it would be difficult for the operator to see thewriting being done when at the top of a page of the book or sheet bylooking over the top of the series of type-bars, it was decided to leaveout an arm at the immediate front of the machine in order to create awork-vista in a line between the operator and the work being done.

"While the improvements already described are necessarily applicable todifferent forms of machines and the type-bars may be utilized inconnection with different means for printing upper and lower casecharacters, still in carrying out the invention it is preferred toprovide each of the type-bars proper, 14, at the swinging or strikingend thereof, with a pair of type 24, whose printing-faces are disposedat an angle to each other, said type respectively bearing upper andlower case characters, and although any form of type-bearing head may bearranged for use with the novel form of type-bar and operating-shafttherefor, yet for purposes of illustration each type-bar is shown in thedrawings as being fitted with a type-bearing head 25, carrying the pairof type 24, said type-bearing head being pivotally mounted upon thetype-bar and having a heel end 26 cooperating with a pivotal trigger orlatch 27, also mounted upon the type-bar and serving to lock thetype-head in one position, but which when released from the heel 236permits the type-head to turn on its pivot under centrifugal force andstrike one of the characters. This centrifugal type-bearing head and thetrigger 27 associated therewith are fully disclosed in my former patent,No. 578,554, and as no specific claim is made herein thereto furtherdescription thereof is unnecessary. It may be explained, further, thatin view of the centrifugal action of the type-heads 25 and the lockingand unlocking action of the triggers 27,associated therewith, it isnecessary to equip the complete machine shown in the drawings with avertically-movable trip-ring 28. Thistrip-ringmayperhapsbemoreproperlytermed a semiring, and is arranged outside of the path of movement ofthe type-bars, but is adapted to be moved to an interfering positionwith relation to the triggers 27 when it is designed to release thetriggers from the type-heads to permit of the printing of upper-casecharacters. This action of the trip- .ring is the same as that describedin my former patent, No. 578,554, but in the present invention the ringis necessarily arrangedin a somewhat-different p0sition,being disposedparallel with and above the crescent bearing 7 and arranged to work inthe guide-slots 29 formed in the upstanding supporting-brackets 30,which are extended upwardly from the top of the carriage-casing at thetop of the back casing-plate 9 and have fitted thereto the cushion orrest ring 31 for the backs of the type-bars in their upstanding orat-restpositions, said cushion or rest ring 31 subserving the usualfunction of arresting and cushioning the return movement of thetype-bars as they swing upwardly and backwardlyfrom the printing-point.The said trip-ring 28 is formed intermediate its ends with a centraldepressed portion 28, which skirts below the work-vista 23, so as to notobstruct the view therethrough, as maybe seen from the dotted line inFig. 5 of the drawings.

The vertically-movable trip-ring 28 for the type-heads has vertical playin the guide-slots 29 of the brackets 30 and is suitably fastened to theupper ends of adjusting-sleeves 32, arranged, respectively, at oppositesides of the type-basket opening 6, and having a vertically-slidingmovement upon the guide-posts 33, arranged inside of the carriage casingwithin the rear portion thereof and sustained in position by thesupporting-arms 34, which may be secured fast to an adjacent part of thecarriage-casing, preferably to the side walls thereof, as shown in Fig.7 of the drawings. The vertically movable adjustingsleeves 32, which aresecured at their upper ends to the trip-ring 28, have fitted thereto theconnecting pins or studs 35, with which are loosely engaged the rearslotted ends 36 of the swinging adjusting-arms 37, which are securedfast at their opposite ends by means of collars 38 or otherwise to atransverse rockshaft 39, arranged transversely of the carriage-casing inrear of the type-basket opening and jonrnaled in suitable bearings atits ends. The said transverse adjusting rockshaft 39 has suitably fittedthereto a pressurespring 40, the normal tension of which is sufficientto elevate the trip-ring 28 to an inactive non-interfering position, sothat in the normal action of the machine the triggers 27 will passbeneath and clear the said ring, and thereby permit of the continuousprinting of lowercase characters until it is desired to print anupper-case character, whereupon the proper key upon the keyboard ismanipulated to actuate the shaft 39, and thereby provide for swingingthe arms 37 downwardly, with a consequent downward movement of the ad-IIO justing-sleeves and the ring 28 carried the adjusting rock-shaft 39,the same has:

fitted thereto at a suitable point, preferably near one side of thecarriage-casing, a short rock-arm 41, to the swinging extremity of whichis pivotally connected, as at'42, one end of the link 43, the other endof which link is pivotally connected to one arm of the oscillatory lever44, pivotally mounted intermediate its ends, as at 45, within thecarriage-casing and having the end opposite its connection with the link42 pivotally connected to the lower end of the key stem 46, extendingthrough the top cover of the carriage-casing and bearing a shift'key 47,commonly termed the cap-key, which is pressed when itis desired to printan upper-case or capital letter.

A depression of the cap or shift-key 47 oscillates the lever 44 in adirection to provide for the movement of the trip-ringpreviouslyreferred to. The necessary-step-by-step movement of thecarriage is accomplished through the medium of the letter-spacingorescapement mechanism, as it is sometimes called, and the presentinvention embodies certain novel improvements over the type ofescapement mechanism disclosed in my former patent, No. 573,868. As theoperation of the letter-spacing mechanism is intimately asso-v ciatedwith the movement of the type-carriage in the form of machine hereindescribed, reference will be first made to the mounting of the carriageto permit of a traveling movement with reference to the work. It hasalready been explained that the carriage is designed to be arranged inclose proximity to the writing-plane, and to permit of it travelingtransversely across the writing-plane the same is supported for travelby the front and rear carriage-rails 48 and 49, respectively,

.which rails practically constitute the carriagesupporting frame, whichis designed to move longitudinally upon the main toothed trackrails 50,which are arranged longitudinally upon the book or other work and areassociated with a suitable type-writing-machine support.

It may here be noted that an important feature of the invention residesin the dropping of the base 2 of the carriage between the carriagerails48 and 49 and below the upper edges thereof and in mounting the keyconnections close to this base and preferably directly thereon so thatthe axes of movement of the type-bars will be closely adjacent to thewritingsurface. In the Fisher type-writing machine now in commercial usethe casing of the carriage is mounted wholly above thecarriage-supporting rails of the traveling machine-frame, and from thecasing depends the type-basket. Where the type-basket is employed, itmay be dropped to a point close above the platen, so as to present thetype-bar bearings close to the writing-surface. It will be understood,however,

that in the present invention the pendent type-basket is entirelyeliminated and the type-action is supported upon the base of thecarriage proper or carri age-casin g, andtherefore one important featureof the invention,

as heretofore stated, resides in the dropping of this casing orcarriage-between the car-,

riage-supporting rails, so as to bring the typeaetions very close to thesurface of the platen. The said carriage-rails 48 and 49 are provided attheir under sides with notches 52, slidably fitting over the maintrack-rails 50 and in substantially the same manner asthecarriage-supporting frame shown in my former patentsfor instance,Nos. 569,491 and 573,868. In this connection it may be observed that thecarriage-supporting frame,

consisting of the front and rear rails 48 and 49, is designed to bepropelled longitudinally upon the main track-rails through the me.-

dium of the line spacing mechanism 53,-

which is mounted at the front side of the front rail 48 and includes thetransverse propelling shaft 54, supported at the front of the carriagecarrying frame and fitted with the spaced pinions or wheels 55, meshingwith 1 the teeth of the main track-rails 50, and said line-spacingmechanism is ofsubstantially the same construction and operates in thesame manner as the line-spacing mechanism disclosed in several of thepatents referred to. No claim is made in the present application to thesaid mechanism. a l

In carrying out the present invention it is preferable to provide boththe front and rear carriage or frame rails 48 and 49, which extendtransversely across the mainrails 50,

with plain and toothed portions 55 and 56, re-

spectively, the toothed portions 56 of said rails constituting racks toreceive the pinions 57, mounted on opposite extremities of one of thecarrying-shafts 58, which extend .transversely across thecarriage,respectively, at opposite sides of the type-basket opening 6 thereof.Both carrying-shafts 58 are journaled in suitable bearings at the frontand rear sides of the carriage and have fitted thereto the plaintraveler-wheels 59, which ride upon the plain portions of thecarriagerails, said traveler-wheels 59 at the rearextremities of thecarrying-shafts 58. being peripherally grooved, asindicated at 60, tofit the correspondingly-shaped portion of the carriage-rail 49, andthereby assist in preventing the lateral displacement of the carriage.

To prevent vertical displacement of the carriage, it is preferable toprovide the front and rear rails 48 and 49 with longitudinal,guidinggrooves 61 at their inner sides, said grooves receiving the gibsor keys 52, fittedto the carriage-casin g, although any other, expedientfor slidably interlocking the carriage with the rails may be resortedto.

To render the letter-spacing or ,escapmen mechanism effective, thecarriage is normally drawn in one direction by the carriage-actuatingdevices 63', which are supported on suitable brackets 64, attached tothe front and rear carriage-rails beyond the extreme limit of movementof the carriage, and said carriage-aetuating devices 63 may be of thesame construction as shown in my former patent, No. 573,868, and simplyconsist of spring-actuated drums having pulling-tapes 64, connected withthe carriage at suitable pointsofattachment. Said actuatingdevices 63tend to normally strain or pull the carriage in the direction of itsadvance in print ing; but this movement is checked bythe letter -spacingor escapement mechanism, to whichI will now revert. This letter-spacingor escapement mechanism is associated directly with one of thecarrying-shafts 58 and includes as an essential element thereof a doubleescapement wheel or disk 65, which is mounted fast on one of the shafts58, preferably contiguous to the front side of the carriage-casing,andprovided, respectively, upon opposite sides thereof with the lateralratchetfaees 66 and 66, whose teeth are disposed in the same directionand with which respectively cooperate the operating and holding dogs 67and 68. These dogs are pivotally connected by a scissors-joint 69,including a pivot-pin 70, holding the dogs pivotally upon the upper endof the supporting-post 71, mounted on the base or floor 2 of thecarriagecasing and terminating short of the shaft 58, carrying theescapernent wheel or disk 65, so as to dispose the dogs 67 and 68 belowthe said shaft to engage with the ratchet-faces 66 and 66 at theloweredge of the escapement wheel or disk. The scissors-joint 69referred to and, in fact, the construction and general operation of thetwo dogs are Very similar to thatdisclosed in myformerpatent,No.573,868, it only being necessary to explain in the present case that theshoulders of the scissors-joint between the two dogs are such that upona movement of the operating-dog 67 toward the ratchet-face 66 of theescapement-wheel the two dogs become locked together, and the dog 68 iscarried out of engagement with the ratchet-face 66, while the said dog68 is permitted a slight independent play for individual disengagementwhen the release-key is operated to release the carriage and permit ofit being run along the rails in either direction. The said dogs 67 and68 of the letter-spacing mechanism are properly held in their at-restpositions through the medium of the holding-spring 72, coiled upon thesupporting-post 71 and suitably connected with the dogs at their undersides, and both of said dogs are provided at one side of their pivotalconnections 69 with the oppositelyarranged arms 73 and 74, respectively.The arm 73 of the dog 67 is provided with a slot 75, which adjustablyreceives therein the pivot-screw 76, which connects one end of the link77 with the arm 73. The other end of said link is threaded or otherwiseadjustably connected, as at 77*, with a block 7 8, which is pivoted at79 to the flattened reduced stem 80 of the reciprocatoryactuatingbar 81,mounted to work in the guide-brackets 82, projecting inwardly from oneside wall of the carriage-casin g, the forward of said brackets nearestthe front of the casing having therein an opening with a flattened sidecorresponding to the flattened reduced stem 80 of the actuating-bar 81to prevent turning thereof. The said sliding actuating-bar 81 isnormally moved in one direction through the medium of the return-spring83, coiled thereon and bearing at one end against one of the brackets82, and atits other end against a collar 84: on the bar.

To provide for operating the letter-spacing or escapement mechanism, itis simply necessary to move the actuating-bar 81 in a direction opposedto the force of the spring 83, and a brief reference will now be made tothe preferred means for transmitting motion to the said actuating-barfrom any of the keys of the keyboard. A practical way of accomplishingthe result referred to is shown in the drawings and consists inproviding the vertically-movable keystems 15 with offstanding engagingpins or projections 85, which are designed to normally lie above andengage upon a depression of the keys with a universal or yoke bar 86,extending longitudinally across the carriage-casing to cooperate withthe series of keys associated therewith. To effect the desired operationof the letterspacing mechanism with the use of a minimum number ofparts, it may be found preferable, as shown in the drawings, to utilizea single universal or yoke bar 86 with two rows of keystems by havingthe engaging pins or projections 85 of the stems in such rows projectingin a direction toward each other, so as to overlie the universal or yokebar, as may be plainly seen from Fig. 4 of the drawings. Each of theuniversal or yoke bars 86, which extend longitudinally across thecasing, is fitted at its opposite ends to the carrying-arms 87, suitablyfitted at one end upon the supporting rock-shaft 88, also extendinglongitudinally of the carriage-casing and journaled at its extremitiesin suitable bearings at the sides thereof, and each supportingrock-shaft 88 for the universal or yoke bars 86 has fitted thereto atsuitable points a swinging tappet-arm 89, pendent from the shaft andadapted to engage with a pin or similar projection on the reciprocatoryactuating-bar 81 for the letter-spacing mechanism. It will thus be seenthat upon a depression of any key of the keyboard one of the universalor yoke bars 86 will be depressed, thereby rocking its supporting-shaft88 and forcing the tappet-arm 89 against one of the pins or projections90. This action causes the backward movement of the actuating-bar 81,which thereupon oscillates the operating-dog 67 in a direction whichcarries it toward the ratchet-face 66 of the escapement-wheel 65 and atthe same time moves the holding-dog 68 out of engagement with theopposite ratchet-face of said disk. This permits the carriage-actuatingdevice or devices 63 to advance the carriage a letter-space. Of coursewhen the pressure of the finger is removed from the key the dogs of theletterspacing or escapement mechanism assume their normal positions, andit is really in this operation that the advance of the carriage thedistance of a letter space is effected, such operation being similar inall respects to the operation of the letter-spacing mechanism disclosedin my former patent, No. 573,868. The space-bar 91 has an operativeconnection 92 with one of the universal or yoke bars 86, so that theword-spacing may be effected in the usual Way. The release of thecarriage from this letter-spacing or escapement mechanism is effectedthrough the medium of the release-key 93, arranged as a part of thekeyboard and whose stem 94: is connected to one arm of the bell-cranklever 95, pivotally mounted on the pivot-post 96, fitted to one side ofthe carriage-casing and having associated therewith a coiledresetting-spring 97, arranged on the said pivot-post. The other arm ofthe said bell-crank lever has pivotally connectedthereto one end of anoperating-link 98, having a slotted end 99 loosely engaging with oneextremity of the arm 74 of the holding-dog 68. By depressing therelease-key 93 the bell-crank serves to draw upon the holding-dog 68 andrelease the same from the escapement-wheel without moving the dog 67,whereupon the carriage may be moved back-and forth over the rails to theposition desired.

,The ribbon mechanism forms no part of the present invention and is notclaimed herein; but a brief reference will be made to the preferred typeof ribbon mechanism which is utilized in connection with the machineillustrated in the drawings and especially for the purpose of showingthe relation thereof to the open-top basket at the rear side of thecarriage-casing. The inking-ribbon 100 is arranged to extendtransversely across the typebasket opening 6 and is designed to beshift-.

ed transversely to expose the line being written when this is desired.The said ribbon is designed to wind and unwind upon theoppositely-arranged ribbon-spools 101, located, respectively, atdiametrically opposite sides of the rear portion of the carriage-casing, and each of said spools is slidably mounted or feathered on therotatable spindle 102, journaled in suitable bearings 103, fitted to thecarriage-casing and spaced a sufficient distance apart to accommodatethe play of the spools. Each spool is loosely embraced by a shiftingyoke 101, also sliding upon the spindle 102 and provided below the planeof the spool with the ribbon-guide 105, projecting slightly beneath thecarriage-casing to direct the ribbon thereunder and across thetypebasket opening 6, and each of the ribbonguides 105 has mountedtherein a supportingtraveler 106, riding upon a short rail-section 107,fitted to the contiguous side of the carriage-easing. Each of theshiftable ribbonguides 105 has connected thereto at one end one end ofthe shift-bar 108, the other end of which is pivotally connected withthe lower end of the rock-arm 109, carried by a rockshaft 110, arrangedtransversely within the carriage-casing in front of the type-basket. Thesaid rock-shaft carries the arms 109 for both of the shift-bars 108,respectively, at opposite sides of the casing, and atasuitable pointwithin the casing, preferably near one side thereof, the saidribbon-shift rock-shaft 110 is provided with an actuating-arm 111, whichhas a link connection 112 with one end of the oscillatory lever 113,pivotally supported on the post 114 within the carriage-casing andhaving connected to its opposite end the vertically-movable stem of theribbon-shift key 115. A spring 116 is coiled on the shaft 110,preferably at one end, to normally hold the ribbon in the printingposition.

The spool-spindles 102 have loosely mounted on one end thereof thepinions 117, which travel upon the rack portion 56 of the rear carriageor frame-rail 49, and at one side of the'pinions 117 the spool-spindles102 have fixedly mounted thereon the ratchet-wheels 118, with whichcooperate the dogs 119, normally held in engagement with theratchetwheels 118 and provided with lateral releasebuttons 120, adaptedto be engaged by the beveled release-disks 121, slidably mounted uponthe spool-spindles 102. The sliding release-disks 121 upon the oppositespool-spindles 102 have respectively pivoted thereto the opposite endsof the releasing-lever 122, which is pivotally supported intermediateits ends, as at 123, and is provided at suchpoint with a beveled catchprojection 124, with which cooperates a locking-spring 125, adapted toengage with the catch projection 124: in either position of the lever122. When the lever 122 is in one position, one of the release-disks 121is necessarily out of engagement with the button 120 of the adjacent dog119, and consequently permitting the said dog to operatively connect theadjacent pinion 117 and ratchet-wheel 118 together, so that as thecarriage is moved along the spindle 102 con: nected with said elementswill be rotated to provide for winding up the ribbon. At the same timethe directly-opposite release-disk 121 holds the adjacent dogdisengaged, so as to permit the pinion 117 associated therewith to idlyrotate as it travels on the rack of the rail 49 without actuating thespool at that side of the machine for winding up the ribbon. The actionof the mechanism may be reversed by simply swinging the reversingleverto its opposite position. A further description of the ribbon mechanismis'unnecessary, as it is simply disclosed for illustrative purposes andnot as a part of the application.

In the foregoing description the invention has been set forth in itspreferred aspect; but the essential features of construction, especiallythose centering around the construction and mounting of the type-bars,are necessarily adapted for use in connection with almost any type oftype-writing machine, and it should therefore be understood that variouschanges in the form, proportion, and minor details of construction maybe resorted to Without departing from the principle or sacrificing anyof the advantages of this invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desiredto he secured by Letters Patent, is

1. In atypc-writing machine, the combination with a frame, and arearwardly-opening crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprintii'igpoint, of operating rockshafts directly connected to thetype-bars, and keys connected to said rock-shafts and located at thefront of the frame.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, and arearwardiy-opening, crescent-shaped series of typcbars having a commonprinting-point, of operating rockshafts directly connected to thetype-bars and disposed out of parallel, all of said rockshafts extendingtoward the front of the frame, and keys for operating said rockshafts.

3. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a series ofupstanding type-bars arranged in crescent formation, of operatingrock-shafts rigidly connected to the type-bars, and keys disposed abovethe rock-shafts and operatively connected therewith.

4. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a. seriesof keys disposed adjacent to one side thereof, a series of upstandingtype-bars disposed adjacent to the opposite side thereof and arranged increscent formation, and a series of operating rock shafts rigidlyconnected to the type-bars and extended forwardly into operativerelation with the keys.

5. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of akeyboard at one side thereof, a series of upstanding type-bars disposedat the opposite side thereof and arranged in crescent formation, and aseries of operating rock-shafts directly connected with the type-barsand extended under the keyboard.

6. In a type-writing machine, the com nination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of upstanding typebars havinga common printing-point, a series of keys, and a series of rock-shaftshaving direct connect-ion with the type-bars, said rock-shafts beingdisposed in the interval between the type-bars and keys and havingoperative connection with said keys.

7. In a type-writing machine, the-combination with a series ofupstanding type-bars having a common printing-point, of operatingrock-shafts rigidly connected to the typebars and disposed obliquelythereto, and having substantially direct connection with the type-bars.

8. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the keys, and acrescent-shaped series of type-bars, of operating rock-shafts directlyconnected to the type-bars and disposed obliquely thereto, saidrock-shafts being disposed in a plane or planes below the keys.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a rearwardly-opening,crescentshaped series of normally-upstanding typebars having a commonprinting'point, of op erating rock-shafts rigidly connected to thetype-bars and disposed obliquely thereto, and keys located at pointsremoved from the type-bars, said rock-shafts being extended beyond thetype-bars for operative connection with the keys.

10. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a bearing member, ofa series of operating rock-shafts journaled therein and extended beyondopposite sides thereof, a se ries of type-bars rigidly connected to therock-shafts at one side of the bearing member, and arranged in arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series, and keys operatively relatedto the rock-shafts.

11. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series ofoperating rock-shafts disposed in staggered relation, of a series ofupstanding type-bars directly connected to the shafts, and keys disposedabove the rockshafts for operating the same.

12. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shapedseries of typeba'rs, of operating rock-shafts disposed in staggeredrelation and rigidly connected to the type-bars, and keys disposed aboveand connected to said rock-shafts.

13. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, and acrescent-shaped series of type-bars adjacent to one side thereof, of aseries of type-keys adjacent to the opposite side of the frame, andoperating rock-shafts disposed in staggered relation and rigidlyconnected to the type-bars, said rock-shafts being extended intooperative relation with the keys.

H. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of operatingrock-shafts in staggered relation, of upstanding type-bars rigidlyconnected with the rock-shafts and bearing oblique relation thereto, andkeys for operating the'rock-shafts.

15. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series ofstaggered operating rock-shafts, and type-bars rigidly connectedthereto, of keys disposed above the rockshafts and connected therewith.

16. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars havinga common printing-point, and operating-keys therefor, ofa series of divergently-related ICC rock-shafts directly connected tothe typebars below the upper ends thereof, and extended into operativerelation with the keys.

17. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a cresent-shapedseries of upstanding type-bars, and operating-keys therefor, of a seriesof staggered, divergently-relatcd operating rock-shafts rigidlyconnected to the type-bars and extended in operative relation with thekeys.

18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a cresent-shapedseries of typebars, and'operating-keys therefor, of operatin grock-shafts rigidly connected to the typebars and extended intooperative relation with the keys, said rock-shafts being disposed inoblique relation to the type-bars and in divergent relation with eachother.

19. In a type-writing machine, thecombination with a crescent-shapedseries of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operatingrock-shafts rigidly connected to the typebars and extended below thekeys for operative connection therewith, said rock-shafts being disposedin oblique relation to the typebars and in divergent relation to eachother.

20. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shapedseries of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operatingrock-shafts in staggered and divergent relation, said rock-shafts beingrigidly connected to the type-bars and disposed obliquely thereto, and aconnection between the keys and rock-shafts.

21. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shapedseries of upstanding type-bars, of operating-keys therefor, andoperating rock-shafts rigidly con nected to the type-bars and extendingtangentially from the type-bar crescent and into operative relation withthe keys.

22. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shapedseries of upstanding type-bars, and operating-keys therefor, ofoperating rock-shafts connected to the type-bars and extending from thetype-bar crescent at uniform tangents, and connections between thetype-bars and keys. I

23. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shapedseries of typebars, and operating-keys, of operating rock- -shaftsrigidly connected to the type-bars and disposed obliquely thereto, saidrock-shafts extending from the type-bar crescent at uniform tangents anddisposed in operative relation with and below the keys. I

24. In a type-writing machine, the combination with operating mechanism,of a crescent-shaped series of type-bars composed of separate groups,the bars of said groups being reversely inclined normally to define aworkvista of upwardly-increasing width.

25. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action, andseparate groups of type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigidtherewith, the rock-shafts for each group of type-bars extending fromthe latter in divergent relation.

26. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars, and operat= ing-keys therefor, of operating rock-shaftsrigidly connected to the type-bars and disposed in angularly-relatedgroups, and con-' -spectto the shafts of the other group.

28. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shapedseries of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operatingrock-shafts connected to the type-bars and extending at uniform tangentsfrom the type-bar crescent, said shafts being divided in separate groupsdisposed in different horizontal planes. 1

29. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shapedseries of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operatingrock-shafts connected to the type-bars and extending tangentially fromthe type-bar crescent, said shafts being composed of separate groups inreverse relation.

' 30. In a type-writing machine, thecombination with a crescent-shapedseries of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operatingrock-shafts extending at uniform but reverse tangents from the type-barcrescent.

31. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shapedseries of typebars and operating-keys therefor, of operating rock-shaftsrigidly connected to the typebars and composed of separate groups, therock-shafts of each group being disposed at uniform tangents from thetype-bar crescent,

this tangential disposition of the shafts of one group being the reverseof the tangential dis .position of the shafts of the other group.

32. In a type-writing machine, the'combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, v

crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, aseries of keys, and a series of operating rock-shafts having rigidconnection with the type-bars and extended to a'position below thekeysfor operative connection therewith. a

33. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars hav-' ing acommon printing-point, a keyboard, and a series of operating rock-shaftshaving direct connection with the type-bars and ex-' tended under thekeyboard.

34. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, and arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprinting-point, of a keyboard in frontof the series of type-bars,andidivergently-related operating rock-shafts rigidly connected to thetype-bars and extended under the keyboard.

35. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonpi'intingpoint, a keyboard located in front of the type-bars, andoperating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and disposedtangentially to the type-bar crescent, said operating rock-shafts beingextended under the keyboard.

36. In a type-writing machine, the combi nation with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprinting-point, a keyboard located in front of the type-bars, andoperating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and extendedunder the keyboard, said rock-shafts being divided into separate angularly-related groups.

37. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprinting-point, a keyboard located in front of the type-bars, operatingrock-shafts directly connected to the typebars and extended under thekeyboard, the type-bars being divided into separate groups, the bars ofone group being disposed in an gular relation to the bars of the othergroup.

38. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprinting-point, a keyboard in front of said type-bars, and a series ofoperating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and extendedunder the keyboard, said type-bars being divided into separate groups,the bars of one group being angularly related normally to the bars ofthe other group, and said operating rock-shafts being divided intoseparate angularly-related groups.

39. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprinting-point, a keyboard disposed in front of the type-bars, andoperating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and extendedunder the keyboard, said rockshafts being arranged in separate groupsdisposed in different planes.

40. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprinting-point, a keyboard disposed in front of the type-bars, operatingrock-shafts directly connected to the typebars and-extended under thekeyboard, said rock-shafts being arranged in separate angularly-relatedgroups disposed in different planes.

41. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprintingpoint, a keyboard disposed in front of the type-bars, andoperating rock-shafts directly connected to the typebars and extendedunder the keyboard, the rear ends of adjacent shafts being disposed indifferent planes. I

42. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a commonprinting-point, a keyboard located in front of the type-bars, andoperating rockshafts directly connected to the type-bars and extendedunder the keyboard,said rock-shafts being divided into separate groupslocated in different planes, and the alternate type-bars only of eachgroup being located in the same plane.

43. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of anoperating rockshaft, a key-stem connected to the rock-shaft at one sideof its axis, and a type-bar directly connected to said shaftanddisposedin oblique relation thereto.

44. Ina type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of anoperating rockshaft, an arm extending laterally from the shaft, akey-stem having direct connection with said arm, and a type-bar directlyconnected to the rock-shaft and disposed in angular relation thereto.

45. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a frame, and arearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped group or series of typebars having acommon printing-point, of a series of vertically-disposed key-stemslocated in front of the type-bars, and operating rockshafts providedwith arms directly connected with said key-stems, said rockshafts beingrigidly connected to the typebars.

46. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having atype-basket opening, the swinging type-bars provided With operatingrock-shafts rigid therewith, a bearingsupport about the type-basketopening for the shaft ends contiguous to the type-bars, separatebearings for the end portions of the shafts remote from the type-basketopening, and the keys having their stems connected directly to a fixedpart of said shafts contiguous to the last-mentioned bearings.

47. In a type-writing machine, the combination ofa common crescentbearing element, and a crescent-shaped series of type-bars havingoperating rock-shafts rigid therewith and mounted in the bearingelement, certain of said shafts extending from one side of said element,and in divergent relation to certain others extendingfrom the oppositeside thereof.

48. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of acoinmoncrescentbearing element, and type-bars having operating rock-shaftsrigid therewith and mounted in said bearing element, certain of saidshafts extending from opposite sides of the bearing element and arrangedin crossing relation.

49. In a type-writing machine, the platen and movable carriage, a commoncrescent bearing element carried by the carriage, typegential relationthereto.

51. In a type-Writing machine, a crescent bearing element, .andtype-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith and all extendingfrom the crescent bearing element toward the front of the machine at auniform tangent.

52. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having atype-basket opening,

a crescent-shaped series of type-bars grouped within the type-basketopening and provided with operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, a

' common bearing element for all of the rockshafts contiguous to thetype-bars, and individual bearings for said shafts remote from thecommon bearing element.

53. Inatype-writing machine, asupportfor the type-actionhavingacrescent-shaped typebasket opening, a plurality of type-barshaving operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, a common crescent-shapedbearing element bounding said opening and receiving all of theoperating-shafts contiguous to the typebars, and bearings for theoperating rockshaftsremote from the common bearing element.

54. In a type-writing machine, asupport for the type-action having acrescent-shaped typebasket opening, a series of type-bars groupedwithinthe opening and provided with rockshafts rigid therewith, acrescent-shaped common bearing element bounding said opening andconstituting a bearing for the end portions of all of the shaftscontiguous to the type-bars carried therewith, bearings for the shaftsremote from the common bearing element, and keys having their stemsconnected with a fixed part of the rockshafts.

55. Inatype-Writing machine,asupportfor the type-action having atype-basket opening, a plurality of swinging type-bars grouped withinsaid opening and having operating rock-shafts rigid .therewith, a commonhearing element provided with a multiplicity of bearings andconstituting a common bearingsupport for the ends of all of the shaftscontiguous to the type-bars, and individual bearings for said shaftsremote from the common bearing element.

56. In atype-writing 1n achine, a support for the type-action havingacrescent type-basket opening, a plurality of type-bars grouped withinsaid opening and having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, a singlecrescent bearing element bounding said opening and constituting a commonbearing-support for the ends of the rock-shafts contiguous to thetype-bars, and bearings for said shafts remote from the single bearingelement.

57. Ina type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having acrescent type-basket opening, a series of swinging type-bars groupedwithin said opening and provided with operating rock-shafts rigidtherewith, bearings for the rock-shafts about said opening, separatebearings for the rock-shafts romote from said opening, and keyshavingtheir stems connected with a fixed part of the rockshafts.

58. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action, and aseries of type-bars having operating rock-shafts arranged in crossingrelation.

59. In a type-wri ting machine, a support for the type-action, a seriesof type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, certain ofsaid rock'shafts being arranged to cross in different planes.

60. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action, and aseries of type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, andarranged to cross at different elevations.

61. In a type-writi ng machine, a support for tho type-action, and aplurality of swinging typebars arranged in separate groups and providedwith operating rock shafts rigid therewith, the operating-shafts foreach group of type-bars extending from the latterin divergent relation,and certain of the shafts for the opposite groups of type-bars beingarranged to cross each other at dilferent elevations.

62. In a type-writing machine, asupport for the type-action'having atype-basket opening, a plurality of swinging type bars grouped 'withinthe type-basket opening and provided with operating rock-shafts rigidtherewith,

said type-bars being grouped in opposite banks with the operating shaftsof each bank of type-bars extending from the latter in divergentrelation, and reaching toward the transverse center of the su pport forthe typeaction, certain of the operating-shafts for op posite banks oftype-bars crossing each other at diiferent elevations.

63. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having atype-basket opening, a plurality of type-bars grouped within'saidopening, and provided with operating rock shafts rigid therewith,asingle bearing element for the rock-shafts contiguous to the type-bar,said single bearing elementbeing provided with a plurality of rows ofbearingopeningsto receive the rock-shafts, said rows of openings beingdisposed respectively in IIO difierent planes to permit of the crossingof the shafts.

64. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having atype basket opening, a series of type-bars grouped within the openingand provided with operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, and bearingsabout the opening for the ends of the rock-shafts contiguous to thetype-bars, said bearings being arranged in different planes to permit ofthe crossing of the rock-shafts at different elevations.

